Simple systems can reproduce faster than complex ones. So, how can the complexity of life have arisen from simple chemical beginnings? Starting with a simple system of self-replicating fibers, ...

A new study explores how complex chemical mixtures change under shifting environmental conditions, shedding light on the prebiotic processes that may have led to life. By exposing organic molecules to ...

To create A1 lipid nanoparticles for delivering mRNA to target cells, scientists at the University of Pennsylvania used A3 coupling. A3 refers to the amine–aldehyde–alkyne coupling reaction, which the ...